Answer multiple range XOR queries on an array efficiently.
You are given an integer array and several queries. Each query asks for the XOR of all elements in a subarray from index to index inclusive.
For every query, return the XOR value for that range. Since there may be many queries, the solution should be faster than recomputing the XOR from scratch each time.
Input Format
- An integer array
arrof lengthn. - A list of queries, where each query contains two integers
landr. - Each query is interpreted as the inclusive subarray
arr[l..r].
For this record, treat the problem as returning one answer per query in the same order.
Output Format
- Return an array of integers where the
i-th value is the XOR ofarr[l_i..r_i].
If the problem is presented in a function-based format, return the list of answers.
Constraints
1 <= n, qare typically up to large values, so an efficient preprocessing approach is expected.- Array values are integers that fit within standard 32-bit integer XOR behavior.
- Query indices are valid and inclusive.
Example 1
Input
arr = [1, 3, 4, 8] queries = [[0, 1], [1, 2], [0, 3], [3, 3]]
Output
[2, 7, 14, 8]
Explanation
- arr[0..1] = 1 XOR 3 = 2
- arr[1..2] = 3 XOR 4 = 7
- arr[0..3] = 1 XOR 3 XOR 4 XOR 8 = 14
- arr[3..3] = 8
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